[Dave K]

Following on from discussions at

http://www.ukweatherworld.co.uk/forum/forums/thread-view.asp?tid=42298&posts=16&start=1

it could be interesting to dedicate a thread to see what we can unearth. As ever it is difficult to find consistent and reliable data online but we can collate info here and see how it goes.

[Dave K]

Well firstly although it these won't be global records I will start with the USA as the info is easily found online thanks to the NCDC. All refer to the 1971 - 2000 climate data returns.

I am certain of the highest mean, the minima are a bit more complicated because of altitude etc. I don't really know if the Tower mean is the lowest for an inhabited low alitude place in the 48 coterminous states but it's my best guess.

As always it's a work in progress - comments, corrections, new information are welcomed:

USA Warmest Annual Mean Location	Alt masl	Lat	Long	Annual Mean
All 50 states
Key West International AP, FL	1.2	24.5 N	81.8 W	78.1 °F ( 25.61 °C )
USA Coldest Annual Mean Location
(N.B. 48 Coterminous states, including high altitude)
Mount Washington , NH	1909	44.3 N	71.3W	27.2 °F ( -2.67 °C )
( 48 Coterminous states, <500m asl, inhabited )
Tower 3 S, MN	445	47.7 N	92.3 W	34.6 °F ( 1.44 °C )
( Alaska )
Barrow AP	9.4	71.3 N	156.8 W	10.4 °F ( -12.00 °C )

[Dave K]

OK, I'm not doing this in a very logical way at the moment, depending on what info is easiest to find really.

So who thought the coldest annual mean in the Northern Hemisphere would be a battle between Oymyakon and Verkhoyansk? Well actually it's probably neither although Oymyakon is probably the coldest permanently inhabited location. Eureka in Arctic Canada is rather colder than either but it is only a research base, staffed on a rotation basis. However there may yet be colder uninhabited Arctic locations such as summit of Greenland.

	Alt masl	Lat	Long	Annual Mean °C	Annual Mean Min °C	Annual Mean Max °C
Eureka, Nunavut, Canada	10.4	80.0 N	85.9 W	-19.7	-22.9	-16.4
Oymyakon, Siberia, Russia	741	63.5 N	142.6 E	-15.9	-22.5	-8.8
Verkhoyansk, Siberia, Russia	127	67.5 N	133.4 E	-14.7	-20.5	-7.3

[Dave K]

For the coldest annual mean temperature globally, no need to look further than the Vostok Antarctic Research Station. Again this is not permanently inhabited but seems to have a staffing of 13 to 25, one would assume on rotation. Though it's an elevated and "artificial" environment so far as humans are concerned it must be representative of the coldest surface locations on the planet.

[hide]Climate data for Vostok station, 1958 - 2010. 78.5°S, 106.8°E, 3 488m asl
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	-12.2 (10)	-22.9 (-9.2)	-35.6 (-32.1)	-33.0 (-27.4)	-41.6 (-42.9)	-40.1 (-40.2)	-34.1 (-29.4)	-36.1 (-33)	-38.3 (-36.9)	-24.5 (-12.1)	-23.9 (-11)	-14.1 (6.6)	-12.2 (10)
Average high °C (°F)	-27.1 (-16.8)	-38.6 (-37.5)	-52.8 (-63)	-61.2 (-78.2)	-62.0 (-79.6)	-60.5 (-76.9)	-62.4 (-80.3)	-64.0 (-83.2)	-61.8 (-79.2)	-51.7 (-61.1)	-37.3 (-35.1)	-27.3 (-17.1)	-50.4 (-58.7)
Daily mean °C (°F)	-32.1 (-25.8)	-44.3 (-47.7)	-57.8 (-72)	-64.8 (-84.6)	-65.7 (-86.3)	-65.2 (-85.4)	-66.7 (-88.1)	-68.0 (-90.4)	-66.1 (-87)	-57.2 (-71)	-42.7 (-44.9)	-31.9 (-25.4)	-55.2 (-67.4)
Average low °C (°F)	-37.6 (-35.7)	-50.0 (-58)	-61.7 (-79.1)	-67.8 (-90)	-69.1 (-92.4)	-68.8 (-91.8)	-70.4 (-94.7)	-71.6 (-96.9)	-70.3 (-94.5)	-63.2 (-81.8)	-49.9 (-57.8)	-38.1 (-36.6)	-59.9 (-75.8)
Record low °C (°F)	-55.1 (-67.2)	-64.0 (-83.2)	-75.0 (-103)	-80.4 (-112.7)	-80.6 (-113.1)	-83.3 (-117.9)	-89.2 (-128.6)	-85.4 (-121.7)	-85.6 (-122.1)	-76.1 (-105)	-62.6 (-80.7)	-48.0 (-54.4)	-89.2 (-128.6)
Precipitation mm (inches)	0.7 (0.028)	0.6 (0.024)	1.9 (0.075)	2.3 (0.091)	2.9 (0.114)	2.5 (0.098)	2.3 (0.091)	2.2 (0.087)	2.3 (0.091)	1.8 (0.071)	0.8 (0.031)	0.5 (0.02)	20.8 (0.819)
Source: numerous such as http://www.nerc-bas.ac.uk/icd/gjma/vostok.temps.html

[Dave K]

Now I've found a permanently inhabited location that is colder year round than Oymyakon and Verkhoyansk, which is Resolute in Canada, settled in 1953, now with a population of 229. All this info is 1971 - 2000 from the Enviromental Office of Canada and the Russian Weather Service

	WMO	Alt masl	Lat	Long	Annual Mean °C	Annual Mean Min °C	Annual Mean Max °C
Eureka, Nunavut, Canada	71917	10.4	80.0 N	85.9 W	-19.7	-22.9	-16.4
Resolute Cars, Nunavut, Canada	71924	67.7	74.7 N	95.0 W	-16.4	-19.5	-13.3
Oymyakon, Siberia, Canada	24688	741	63.5 N	142.6 E	-15.9	-22.5	-8.8
Verkhoyansk, Siberia, Canada	24266	127	67.5 N	133.4 E	-14.7	-20.5	-7.3

[Dave K]

Still looking at the Americas, interestingly the location with the highest annual mean appears to be not Mexico as I expected but Choluteca in Honduras with 28.72 °C ( http://www.climate-charts.com/Locations/h/HO78724.php ), but research continues...

Finding the highest annual mean is proving rather difficult, there are a vast number of tropical locations with an annual mean temp of 28 - 30 °C but the "holy grail" is locations with a mean higher than 30 °C.

While we know that Dallol on the Danakil Depression of Ethiopia is reported to be the hottest with around 34 °C this was only 6/7 years of data. There is undoubtedly a "cone of heat" around that part of Africa but due to inaccessability and seemingly endless civil strife there are few if any weather stations and even fewer sites giving reliably sourced long-termweather data for the area.

According to online sources I have found only two places with an annual mean temperature > 30 °C:

30.54 °C Assab, Eritrea http://www.climate-charts.com/ 
30.2 °C Berbera, Somalia ( currently Somaliland ) from http://www.climatetemp.info/somalia/berbera.html

However with due respect to these two websites they don't AFAICT give a direct source so there is no way to tell if this is 30 year climate data.

[tormenta]

Hello, a small contribution.



Gizan Saudi Arabia, also appears to surpass the 30º Celsius annual average temperature



Periode 1963-1990

http://www.worldclimate.com/cgi-bin/data.pl?ref=N16E042+1102+41140W



periode 1980-2007

http://www.pme.gov.sa/gizan.htm





A Mecca for the period 1980-2007, ( 28 years), an average annual temperature of 30.7 ° Celsius

http://www.pme.gov.sa/Makkah.htm



Assab data, according to the data I have, the WMO, corresponds to the period 1961-1990, with an average annual temperature of 30.5 degrees Celsius

[Dave K]

Tormenta - that is excellent, many thanks for that information, and welcome to the UKWW forum ( or welcome back if you had to rejoin ).

So we have at least 4 locations now with an annual mean of 30 °C or higher with Mecca the highest.

[tormenta]

Hello, some cities that are on the border of the 30º C annual
average in the period 1961-1990.Djibouti and Khartoum with 29.9 ° average temperatureDjibouti with more than 500.000 inhabitants and Khartoum over 2 million probably have risen slightly more than one tenth in the latest period

That link is more complete than others, especially the data from Japan, USA and Canada, but something old, from 1961-1990



DJIBOUTIftp://dossier.ogp.noaa.gov/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-I/D1/63125.TXT







KHARTOUM (CIV/MIL)

ftp://dossier.ogp.noaa.gov/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-I/SU/62721.TXT

This post has been edited by tormenta: 19 September 2011 - 18:24

[Dave K]

Thanks again Tormenta, so we can summarize:

Mean °C		Location	Country	Source	Period
30.7		Mecca	Saudi Arabia	Saudi Arabia Met	1980 - 2007
30.54		Assab	Eritrea	WMO	1961 - 1990
30.2		Gizan	Saudi Arabia	Saudi Arabia Met	1980 - 2007
29.9		Djibouti	Djibouti	NOAA	1961 - 1990
29.9		Khartoum	Sudan	NOAA	1961 - 1990

Berbera, Somaliland at 30.2 °C is still of an uncertain source and period.

[weatherlove]

Dave K said:

For the coldest annual mean temperature globally, no need to look further than the Vostok Antarctic Research Station. Again this is not permanently inhabited but seems to have a staffing of 13 to 25, one would assume on rotation. Though it's an elevated and "artificial" environment so far as humans are concerned it must be representative of the coldest surface locations on the planet.

[hide]Climate data for Vostok station, 1958 - 2010. 78.5°S, 106.8°E, 3 488m aslMonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYearRecord high °C (°F)-12.2
(10)-22.9
(-9.2)-35.6
(-32.1)-33.0
(-27.4)-41.6
(-42.9)-40.1
(-40.2)-34.1
(-29.4)-36.1
(-33)-38.3
(-36.9)-24.5
(-12.1)-23.9
(-11)-14.1
(6.6)-12.2
(10)Average high °C (°F)-27.1
(-16.8)-38.6
(-37.5)-52.8
(-63)-61.2
(-78.2)-62.0
(-79.6)-60.5
(-76.9)-62.4
(-80.3)-64.0
(-83.2)-61.8
(-79.2)-51.7
(-61.1)-37.3
(-35.1)-27.3
(-17.1)-50.4
(-58.7)Daily mean °C (°F)-32.1
(-25.8)-44.3
(-47.7)-57.8
(-72)-64.8
(-84.6)-65.7
(-86.3)-65.2
(-85.4)-66.7
(-88.1)-68.0
(-90.4)-66.1
(-87)-57.2
(-71)-42.7
(-44.9)-31.9
(-25.4)-55.2
(-67.4)Average low °C (°F)-37.6
(-35.7)-50.0
(-58)-61.7
(-79.1)-67.8
(-90)-69.1
(-92.4)-68.8
(-91.8)-70.4
(-94.7)-71.6
(-96.9)-70.3
(-94.5)-63.2
(-81.8)-49.9
(-57.8)-38.1
(-36.6)-59.9
(-75.8)Record low °C (°F)-55.1
(-67.2)-64.0
(-83.2)-75.0
(-103)-80.4
(-112.7)-80.6
(-113.1)-83.3
(-117.9)-89.2
(-128.6)-85.4
(-121.7)-85.6
(-122.1)-76.1
(-105)-62.6
(-80.7)-48.0
(-54.4)-89.2
(-128.6)Precipitation mm (inches)0.7
(0.028)0.6
(0.024)1.9
(0.075)2.3
(0.091)2.9
(0.114)2.5
(0.098)2.3
(0.091)2.2
(0.087)2.3
(0.091)1.8
(0.071)0.8
(0.031)0.5
(0.02)20.8
(0.819)Source: numerous such as http://www.nerc-bas....stok.temps.html

wow its a balmy -12 let the kids go out to play honey lol