[Ian Williams]

Although none of my capitals were really warm the mean average maximum of 20.2C is an improvement of 2.3C on the previous day. Out of my list everywhere has had rainfall in the last 5 days the only exception is Valletta on Malta which has not seen any measurable rain now for 21 days- lucky them!


Elsewhere in Europe, Russia is warming up in the south west. Bucharest in Romania was wet with thunderstorms all day dumping 43 mm of rain. Constanta in Romania had over 60 mm (been there in 1990)


Tuapse (Russian: Туапсе́; Adyghe: ТIуапсэ) is a town in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, situated on the northeast shore of the Black Sea, south of Gelendzhik and north of Sochi. Population: 63,233 (2010 Census preliminary results);^[7] 64,238 (2002 Census);^[8] 63,081 (1989 Census).^[14]

Tuapse is a sea port and the northern center of a resort zone which extends south to Sochi.

Contents [show]

[edit]Overview

This unreferenced section requires citations to ensureverifiability.

Tuapse is a large center (native land) for the Shapsugs tribe with other areas in Circassia, with about 10,000 speakers of the language living in Tuapse. The name of the town is itself Adyghe ([tʷʼa.psə], for "two waters") since Tuapse was part of historical Circassia and it became a part of Russia during the rule of Tsar Alexander I in 1801-1825. In early Greek sources the town was also attested as Topsida.


[edit]History
The modern settlement dates back to 1838, when the Russian fort of Velyaminovsky was established in the area after this region became a part of Russia in 1829 by Treaty of Adrianople.^[11] During the Crimean War, the Ottomans seized the fort and held it for two years (1857–1859). The village of Velyaminovskoye(Вельяминовское) was established here in 1864; it is the village that later became Tuapse.^[11] Urban status was granted to Tuapse in 1896.^[11]

The Soviets developed Tuapse as an oil terminal and depot. An oil pipeline from Grozny and Maykop was in operation by 1928, designed by Vladimir Shukhov. An oil refinery dates from the same period. No later than 1941, Tuapse's status was changed to that of a town of the krai subordination.^[11]

During World War II, the German military attempted to seize the town during the Battle of the Caucasus, which caused major damage to Tuapse.


[edit]Climate
Tuapse has a humid subtropical climate (Koppen climate classification Cfa).

[hide]Climate data for Tuapse
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Average high °C (°F)	8.1 (46.6)	8.5 (47.3)	11.1 (52.0)	15.2 (59.4)	20.3 (68.5)	24.2 (75.6)	27.2 (81.0)	28.0 (82.4)	24.2 (75.6)	19.9 (67.8)	14.5 (58.1)	10.4 (50.7)	17.6 (63.7)
Daily mean °C (°F)	4.6 (40.3)	4.8 (40.6)	7.2 (45.0)	11.4 (52.5)	16.1 (61.0)	20.0 (68.0)	23.0 (73.4)	23.2 (73.8)	19.5 (67.1)	14.7 (58.5)	10.6 (51.1)	6.7 (44.1)	13.5 (56.3)
Average low °C (°F)	1.5 (34.7)	1.5 (34.7)	3.8 (38.8)	7.6 (45.7)	12.3 (54.1)	16.0 (60.8)	18.6 (65.5)	18.8 (65.8)	15.2 (59.4)	10.9 (51.6)	6.5 (43.7)	3.2 (37.8)	9.7 (49.5)
Precipitation mm (inches)	157.5 (6.201)	136.7 (5.382)	132.2 (5.205)	79.7 (3.138)	77.0 (3.031)	79.8 (3.142)	90.5 (3.563)	108.5 (4.272)	116.5 (4.587)	89.5 (3.524)	141.8 (5.583)	161.3 (6.35)	1,373.4 (54.071)
Avg. rainy days	12.7	10.3	10.3	9.5	7.4	6.7	5.7	6.3	7.5	7.6	11.4	14.3	109.7
Mean monthly sunshine hours	93.0	106.4	145.7	165.0	238.7	285.0	319.3	300.7	243.0	201.5	114.0	83.7	2,296
Source no. 1: World Climate[15]
Source no. 2: Svali.ru[16]

[edit]Administrative and municipal status
Tuapse serves as the administrative center of Tuapsinsky District; however, it is not administratively a part of it and is incorporated separately.^[1] Municipally, Tuapse is incorporated within Tuapsinsky Municipal District as Tuapsinskoye Urban Settlement.^[3]







The sea coast between Dzhubga and Tuapse




Black sea coast in Tuapse in November

[Dave K]

In my list, generally average to slightly above average temperatures with only Kiev making 25 °C. Sadly Edinburgh will be consigned to the coldest max again as Reykjavik's "warming" continues. Not much rain around.

[Ian Williams]